Description
Vitamin B‑12 (cobalamin) is a water‑soluble vitamin essential for red blood cell formation, nerve health, and DNA synthesis. It is not a peptide. B‑12 can be given by intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SQ) injection in clinical settings, especially when absorption from the gut is reduced (e.g., pernicious anemia, gastric surgery) or when quick repletion is desired. Common forms: cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and hydroxocobalamin.






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